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8 Minutes Read

Can Yogurt Really Lower Your Cancer Risk? Harvard Researchers Say It Might! 

In the world of functional medicine, we often say that healing starts in the gut. But what if something as simple as a weekly cup of yogurt could significantly lower your risk of cancer?

Groundbreaking research out of Harvard in 2024 is giving us one more reason to prioritize gut health—and this time, the focus is on yogurt and its powerful connection to colon cancer prevention.

🧪 What the Study Found

This large-scale prospective study, conducted by researchers at Harvard and published in early 2024, followed over 132,000 participants across several years, including both men and women from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study and the Nurses’ Health Study.

The key finding?

Individuals who consumed two or more servings of yogurt per week had a 20% reduced risk of developing right-sided, Bifidobacterium-positive colorectal cancer.

Here’s why this matters:

  • This particular subtype of colorectal cancer is more aggressive, develops on the right side of the colon, and is often diagnosed at later stages.

  • It is increasingly common in adults under 50, contributing to the rising incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer, a growing public health concern.

  • These tumors are associated with the presence (or absence) of specific gut bacteria, including strains of Bifidobacterium, highlighting a possible microbiome-cancer axis.

In essence, yogurt consumption seemed to create an internal environment less favorable for tumor development, especially for subtypes linked to microbial imbalances.

🧬 What’s the Connection Between Yogurt and Colon Cancer?

The researchers propose several biological mechanisms that explain the protective association:

1. Yogurt Delivers Beneficial Probiotics

Yogurt contains live cultures, primarily Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are known to:

  • Reinforce the intestinal barrier (helping prevent leaky gut),

  • Reduce gut inflammation, and

  • Promote the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, which have anti-cancer properties.

2. It Balances the Microbial Ecosystem

People who ate more yogurt were less likely to harbor cancer-associated microbial patterns, particularly those linked to pro-inflammatory or DNA-damaging species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum. This bacterium has been increasingly implicated in colorectal tumorigenesis.

By increasing beneficial microbes, yogurt may help crowd out pathogenic bacteria and reduce cancer-promoting metabolites.

3. Modulation of Immune and Inflammatory Pathways

The gut microbiome plays a key role in educating the immune system. A healthier microbial environment, supported by regular yogurt intake, may help regulate immune surveillance, reduce chronic inflammation, and prevent unchecked cellular proliferation—a hallmark of cancer.

4. Yogurt’s Role in pH and Enzyme Regulation

Certain yogurt cultures produce lactic acid, which lowers colonic pH. A more acidic colon can:

  • Reduce the activity of carcinogenic enzymes,

  • Inhibit harmful bacterial overgrowth,

  • And support detoxification pathways that keep the colon healthy.

🧠 Why Functional Medicine Cares About This

In functional health, we view the gut as the central hub of health—impacting everything from immune regulation and hormone balance to brain function and cancer prevention.

This study is a perfect illustration of that philosophy in action:

  • It connects a simple dietary choice (yogurt) to a complex biological outcome (cancer risk).

  • It shows how the gut microbiome acts as a mediator between food and disease.

  • And it reminds us that prevention often begins with small, consistent habits.

🥣 How to Choose the Right Yogurt

Not all yogurt is created equal. To get the full benefits seen in the study, keep these tips in mind:

  • Look for “live and active cultures” on the label—these are the probiotics doing the heavy lifting.

  • Avoid added sugars, which can fuel harmful gut bacteria. Stick to Organic plain Greek, no flavors which often have bad sweeteners and chemicals.

  • Opt for organic, grass-fed yogurt when possible to minimize exposure to hormones and antibiotics. Aldi has an affordable non-GMO Organic Greek Yogurt, or try your local health food store.  Walmart is also starting to carry more healthy options.

  • Dairy-sensitive? Coconut or almond milk yogurts with added live probiotics are great alternatives—but check that they’re not loaded with starches or gums that are unhealthy for your gut.

Simple Ways to Eat More Yogurt:

  • Add it to your morning chia bowl with berries and hemp seeds, see Chia Pudding for a healthy chia pudding recipe, and replace the plant based milk with Organic plain Greek yogurt.

  • Use it as a base for savory dips or dressings (try it with lemon, garlic, and dill).

  • Blend it into a gut-healing smoothie with spinach, collagen peptides, and green apple.

  • Stir in cinnamon or unsweetened organic cacao powder for a blood sugar-friendly dessert.

🧬 Final Thoughts

This study doesn't claim that yogurt is a cure or a guaranteed shield against cancer. You can’t avoid disease with an unhealthy diet.  But it does add to the growing body of research suggesting that your microbiome matters, and that what you eat can shape it in powerful ways.

When you consistently feed your body foods that nourish your gut, like yogurt, you're not just managing digestion—you’re supporting your immune system, lowering inflammation, and possibly reducing your long-term cancer risk. If you want to learn more, email me at kimlarson@larsonhealthweightloss.com and I can share more insights to help you heal and nourish your body.

So next time you're in the dairy aisle, remember: That small cup of Organic plain full fat Greek yogurt may be doing more for you than you think. 

Find Delicious Recipes, Insightful blogs about Health, workouts, and my podcast at LarsonHealthWeightLoss.com.

 Organic Greek Yogurt Recipes

Savory

1. Savory Greek Yogurt & Avocado Gut-Healing Dressing

🥣Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Greek yogurt delivers Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.

  • Avocado provides anti-inflammatory monounsaturated fats.

  • Garlic and lemon support liver detox and antimicrobial action.

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup plain organic full-fat Greek yogurt

  • 1 ripe avocado

  • 1 garlic clove, minced

  • 2 tbsp fresh lemon juice

  • 2 tbsp extra virgin olive oil

  • 2 tbsp chopped fresh dill or parsley

  • 1/4 tsp sea salt

  • Water to thin (as needed)

Directions:

  1. Blend all ingredients in a high-speed blender until smooth.

  2. Thin with water to desired consistency.

  3. Use as a salad dressing, dip for veggies, or topping for grilled proteins.

🍧 2. Turmeric-Spiced Greek Yogurt Bowl (Anti-Inflammatory Snack)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Turmeric helps modulate inflammation via the NF-κB pathway.

  • Black pepper enhances curcumin absorption.

  • Yogurt offers live probiotics for microbial balance.

Ingredients:

  • 3/4 cup plain organic Greek yogurt

  • 1/4 tsp ground turmeric

  • Pinch of black pepper

  • 1/4 tsp cumin

  • Pinch of sea salt

  • 1 tsp extra virgin olive oil

  • Optional: chopped cucumber or shredded carrot

Directions:

  1. Stir spices and olive oil into yogurt until fully combined.

  2. Top with grated or chopped fresh veggies for crunch.

  3. Enjoy as a side dish or light meal.




🍲 3. Healing Bone Broth & Yogurt Soup (Savoury Gut Reset)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Bone broth contains glutamine, glycine, and collagen to repair the gut lining.

  • Greek yogurt added after cooking boosts probiotic content.

  • Ginger and garlic reduce gut inflammation.

Ingredients:

  • 2 cups organic bone broth (chicken or beef)

  • 1/2 cup plain organic Greek yogurt (room temperature)

  • 1 garlic clove, minced

  • 1 tsp freshly grated ginger

  • 1 tbsp lemon juice

  • 1 tbsp extra virgin olive oil

  • 1 tbsp chopped parsley or cilantro

  • Pinch of sea salt and cracked pepper

Directions:

  1. In a small pot, heat bone broth with garlic and ginger until simmering (10 min).

  2. Let it cool slightly, then stir in lemon juice and olive oil.

  3. Add Greek yogurt off heat to preserve probiotics.

  4. Sprinkle with herbs and serve warm.




🥒 4. Greek Yogurt Tzatziki (Microbiome-Boosting Dip)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Combines yogurt and prebiotic-rich cucumber and garlic.

  • Raw garlic acts as a natural antimicrobial and supports detox.

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup organic Greek yogurt

  • 1/2 cucumber, finely grated (squeeze excess water)

  • 1 garlic clove, minced

  • 1 tbsp extra virgin olive oil

  • 1 tbsp lemon juice

  • 1 tbsp fresh dill, mint, or parsley

  • Sea salt to taste

Directions:

  1. Mix all ingredients in a bowl until well combined.

  2. Chill for 30 minutes to meld flavors.

  3. Serve with veggie sticks, seed crackers, or as a side with grilled wild salmon or lamb.




🌿 5. Yogurt-Marinated Wild Salmon (Omega-3 + Probiotic Power)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Yogurt helps tenderize protein and infuses it with probiotics.

  • Salmon offers powerful omega-3s to reduce inflammation.

  • Garlic and lemon support digestion.

Ingredients:

  • 2 wild-caught salmon filets

  • 1/2 cup organic Greek yogurt

  • 2 tbsp lemon juice

  • 1 garlic clove, minced

  • 1 tbsp extra virgin olive oil

  • 1/2 tsp smoked paprika

  • Sea salt and pepper to taste

Directions:

  1. Mix marinade ingredients and coat salmon. Marinate for 1–2 hours in the fridge.

  2. Bake at 375°F (190°C) for 12–15 minutes until salmon flakes easily.

  3. Serve with roasted vegetables or a warm quinoa tabbouleh.

Treat

🥣1. Blueberry Chia & Greek Yogurt Parfait (Sweet + Prebiotic Fiber)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Blueberries support microbial diversity.

  • Chia seeds feed good gut bacteria and support healthy elimination.

  • Yogurt provides live probiotics and protein.

Ingredients:

  • 3/4 cup plain organic Greek yogurt

  • 1/2 cup fresh or frozen wild blueberries

  • 1 tbsp chia seeds

  • 1/2 tsp cinnamon

  • 1 tsp raw honey or monk fruit (optional)

  • Optional toppings: shredded coconut, ground flax, or chopped walnuts

Directions:

  1. In a jar or bowl, layer yogurt, chia seeds, and blueberries.

  2. Sprinkle with cinnamon and sweeten if desired.

  3. Let sit 10–15 minutes (or overnight) to allow chia to thicken.

  4. Top with healthy fats or nuts for a more filling option.




🍧 2. Gut-Healing Greek Yogurt “Cheesecake” Bowl (Dessert Alternative)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Probiotic-rich yogurt replaces cream cheese.

  • Ground flax provides lignans and omega-3s.

  • Cinnamon helps regulate blood sugar and supports digestion.

Ingredients:

  • 3/4 cup full-fat plain Greek yogurt

  • 1 tbsp almond butter

  • 1 tbsp ground flaxseed

  • 1/2 tsp cinnamon

  • 1/2 tsp vanilla extract

  • 1 tbsp crushed walnuts or pecans

  • 1 tbsp mashed raspberries or low-sugar berry jam

Directions:

  1. Stir together yogurt, almond butter, flaxseed, cinnamon, and vanilla until smooth.

  2. Top with walnuts and a spoonful of mashed berries or jam.

  3. Enjoy chilled as a dessert, snack, or post-workout recovery bowl.




🍯 3. Lemon Ginger Honey Yogurt Elixir (Cold-Fighting Tonic)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Yogurt supports gut lining and immune defenses.

  • Ginger and lemon are antimicrobial and support detox.

  • Raw honey offers enzymes and prebiotic oligosaccharides.

Ingredients:

  • 3/4 cup Greek yogurt

  • 1 tsp fresh grated ginger

  • 1 tbsp lemon juice

  • 1 tsp raw manuka honey

  • Pinch of cinnamon or turmeric (optional)

Directions:

  1. Mix ingredients until smooth.

  2. Consume slowly, ideally in the morning or during immune stress.

  3. Optional: thin with a bit of warm (not hot) herbal tea for a sippable tonic.




🥬 4. Cucumber-Dill Greek Yogurt Salad (Savory Probiotic Side)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Raw cucumber provides prebiotic fiber.

  • Yogurt and herbs reduce gut inflammation.

  • Dill and garlic support digestion and microbial balance.

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup organic Greek yogurt

  • 1 cup thinly sliced cucumber

  • 1 garlic clove, minced

  • 2 tbsp chopped fresh dill

  • 1 tbsp lemon juice

  • 1 tbsp olive oil

  • Sea salt and pepper to taste

Directions:

  1. Combine all ingredients in a bowl.

  2. Chill for 15 minutes to blend flavors.

  3. Serve as a side to fish, chicken, or lentils.




🍨 5. Greek Yogurt Freezer Bites (Sweet & Cooling Snack)

Why It’s Gut-Healing:

  • Yogurt + berries = probiotic + antioxidant combo.

  • Coconut flakes and cacao nibs add prebiotic fiber and healthy fat.

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup organic Greek yogurt

  • 1/2 cup chopped berries (blueberries, raspberries, strawberries)

  • 1 tbsp coconut flakes

  • 1 tbsp cacao nibs

  • Optional: a touch of stevia or monk fruit

Directions:

  1. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.

  2. Spoon dollops of yogurt onto the paper and top each with berries, coconut, and cacao.

  3. Freeze until firm (about 1 hour).

  4. Store in a sealed container in the freezer and enjoy as needed.




🧠 BONUS: Build-Your-Own Functional Yogurt Bowl Framework

Mix and match based on your health goals:

Gut-Healing:

  • Greek yogurt + kiwi + chia seeds + coconut flakes + ginger

Blood Sugar Balance:

  • Yogurt + cinnamon + almonds + berries + hemp seeds

Hormone-Supportive:

  • Yogurt + ground flax + pomegranate + Brazil nuts

Anti-Inflammatory:

  • Yogurt + turmeric + black pepper + olive oil drizzle + walnuts

 

 



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10.29.2025

Salt, Sodium, and Blood Pressure: Why the Real Story Is More About Insulin and Metabolic Health

From Villain to Vital NutrientFor decades, sodium was portrayed as a dietary villain blamed for high blood pressure and heart disease. Public health campaigns urged us to avoid salt. Yet modern science reveals a more nuanced truth. Sodium is essential—vital for fluid balance, muscle contraction, and nerve signaling. Too little is as dangerous as too much. Meanwhile, emerging evidence reveals that the real driver of hypertension isn’t sodium alone—it’s insulin resistance, poor potassium intake, and metabolic dysfunction.The Origins of the “Salt = Hypertension” MythThe notion of “salt causes hypertension” traces back to animal studies by Dahl in the 1970s, where high sodium raised blood pressure in salt-sensitive rats. Human data followed, leading to generalized anti-sodium recommendations.Salt sensitivity actually applies to a subset of people—estimated at 25–50%; many individuals exhibit minimal blood pressure changes regardless of sodium intake (salt-resistant) .Large observational studies like PURE (Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology) found a J-shaped curve: very high sodium was harmful, but so was very low sodium intake. Cardiovascular risk was lowest in moderate intake ranges .Individual variability matters—kidney function, age, insulin resistance, and genetics significantly modify how sodium affects you.So, the blanket statement “salt causes hypertension” is outdated and overly simplistic.Insulin Resistance: The Hidden Driver of Sodium RetentionInsulin controls how your kidneys handle sodium. In hyperinsulinemia states, the kidneys retain more sodium, increasing blood volume and pressure .Additionally, insulin may activate the sympathetic nervous system, tightening blood vessels and further raising blood pressure .This implies many with hypertension are “insulin-sensitive” rather than “salt-sensitive.” Addressing insulin sensitivity—with diet, movement, sleep, and stress reduction—can impact blood pressure independently of sodium intake.Sodium + Potassium: The Balancing ActPotassium counters sodium. It helps the kidneys excrete excess sodium and relaxes blood vessels. Diets low in potassium, which are common in the Western diet, worsen sodium’s effects on blood pressure .Traditional diets rich in fruits, vegetables, beans, and tubers naturally provide this balance.The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) lowers blood pressure in part by emphasizing potassium-rich foods—even without extreme sodium restriction.How Much Sodium Do We Really Need?General Guidelines (Non-Training Days)The AHA recommends up to 2,300 mg/day (≈1 tsp salt), aiming toward 1,500 mg/day for those with hypertension .The PURE study suggests lowest cardiovascular risk with 3,000–5,000 mg/day, depending on potassium and metabolic health .Training Days / AthletesSweat can lose 500–2,000 mg sodium per liter. 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Incorporate avocado, beans, leafy greens, yogurt, and squash.Control insulin. Prioritize exercise, protein-forward whole foods, sleep, and stress management for better sodium handling.Use the right salt for your iodine needs. If seafood isn’t in your diet, iodized salt is important.Personalize intake. 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10.16.2025

Understanding SIBO: How It Starts and How to Reverse Its Effects

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Reversing SIBO—A Functional Medicine BlueprintRoot-Cause HealingThe functional medicine approach looks beyond symptoms to heal underlying causes:Evaluate triggers like digestive motility issues, immune dysfunction, enzyme insufficiency, dysbiosis, or structural dysfunctions functional-medicine.associates+7PubMed+7thechi.ca+7stevegranthealth.com+1.Treating the underlying cause—not just the symptoms—is essential for long-term resolution PMCPubMed.Clinical & Therapeutic StrategiesEradicate OvergrowthAntibiotics: Rifaximin is often preferred; neomycin may be used for methane-predominant cases PMC+1.Herbal antimicrobials: Emerging evidence indicates they can be as effective as rifaximin The Institute for Functional Medicine+1.Dietary InterventionsLow-FODMAP diet can reduce fermentation and symptoms—but isn’t meant for long-term use due to potential negative effects on gut microbiome diversity WikipediaVerywell Health.Elemental diet (a pre-digested liquid formula) can starve bacteria while nourishing the body—shown to normalize breath tests in up to ~85% of cases over 14–21 days Wikipedia.Supportive TherapiesProkinetics to restore MMC function and prevent recurrence Wikipedia+1.Targeted supplementation for underlying deficiencies (like B12, iron, or fat-soluble vitamins) Health+1.Probiotics: Can be effective when timed appropriately—e.g., Lactobacillus strains post-antibiotic therapy PMC+3Wikipedia+3Health+3.Functional Medicine Clinical ModelIdentify the root cause (motility, acid/enzyme function, immune, structural).Eradicate the microbial overgrowth using herbal or pharmaceutical interventions.Rebuild and rebalance gut health with nutrition, prokinetics, nutrients, and microbiome support.Monitor and prevent recurrence with periodic re-evaluation and maintenance strategies Wikipedia+10NCBI+10Rupa Health+10PMC+4PubMed+4EatingWell+4.4. Why Functional Medicine Delivers ResultsUnlike single-solution strategies, this approach:Addresses multiple layers—digestion, motility, immune function, gut microbiota, and structural health.Seeks long-term remission by fixing root causes, not just suppressing overgrowths.Uses rotation of therapies (diet, elemental, antimicrobials, prokinetics) to minimize recurrence risk EatingWell+5NCBI+5Wikipedia+5. Supplements for SIBO Recovery1. Antimicrobial Phase (Eradicating Overgrowth)(Typically 4–8 weeks, guided by a practitioner)Herbal antimicrobials (shown in studies to be as effective as rifaximin):Oregano oil (enteric-coated) – broad spectrum antimicrobial【PubMed: PMID 24891990】Berberine (from goldenseal/barberry) – antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory【PubMed: PMID 33274096】Neem – supports bacterial balance, especially methane SIBOGarlic extract (allicin) – targeted against methane-producing archaea【PubMed: PMID 16842559】Caution: These are potent — best rotated or combined under guidance to prevent resistance and minimize die-off symptoms (Herxheimer reaction).2. 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10.15.2025

Cannabis & Your Brain: What the New Landmark Study Really Shows Published evidence (Feb 2025) has a lot of people talking: a large, carefully analyzed brain-imaging study reports that heavy cannabis use is linked with reduced brain activation during w

Published evidence (Feb 2025) has a lot of people talking: a large, carefully analyzed brain-imaging study reports that heavy cannabis use is linked with reduced brain activation during working-memory tasks—the kind of mental work you rely on to hold instructions in mind, follow a conversation, do mental math, or safely navigate a busy road. JAMA NetworkBelow, I’ll break down what the study did, what it found (and didn’t), what it may mean for women and young adults, and smart, practical takeaways you can use today.Key Takeaways (in plain English)In 1,003 young adults (ages 22–36), people who had used cannabis more than 1,000 times in their life (the study’s “heavy use” group) showed lower activation in key brain regions while doing working-memory tasks—even after excluding those who had recently used. JAMA NetworkMedia and university summaries note that about 63% of heavy lifetime users and about 68% of recent users showed reduced brain activity on the working-memory task. CU Anschutz NewsThe affected regions included the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the anterior insula—areas that help you concentrate, plan, regulate emotions, and make decisions. These regions are dense in CB1 cannabinoid receptors, which THC binds to. JAMA NetworkCausation isn’t proven (the study is cross-sectional), and most other cognitive tasks in the study didn’t meet the strictest statistical threshold. Still, the working-memory result was robust after multiple-comparison corrections. JAMA NetworkRecent use was linked to poorer performance on several tasks (including working memory), and residual cognitive effects from cannabis can persist for 2–4 weeks after stopping—important if you’re about to take an exam, drive long distances, or do high-stakes work. JAMA NetworkWhat Makes This Study “Landmark”?Size & rigor. The research analyzed 1,003 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, using standardized fMRI tasks across seven cognitive domains (working memory, language, reward, motor, emotion, relational reasoning, theory of mind). It measured both lifetime exposure and recent use (via urine toxicology the day of scanning). Analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, income, alcohol, and nicotine. JAMA NetworkClear exposure groups. Participants were classified as heavy (>1,000 lifetime uses), moderate (10–999 uses), and non-users (1,000 uses” is self-reported; still, urine toxicology confirmed recent exposure status. JAMA NetworkAge window: Results in 22–36-year-olds may not generalize to older adults or teens. JAMA NetworkTask specificity: Working memory effects were strongest; other tasks didn’t meet strict thresholds after correction. JAMA NetworkPractical Guidance If You (or Your Teens) Use CannabisThis section is informational and not medical advice.Protect your working memory window. If you must perform cognitively demanding tasks (exams, major presentations, meticulous driving/navigation, high-risk jobs), abstain well in advance—think weeks, not days, especially if you’re a frequent user. JAMA NetworkWatch frequency & potency. The “heavy” pattern (>1,000 lifetime uses) is where the strongest association showed up. Higher-THC products likely increase risk; titrate down or take structured breaks if you choose to use. JAMA NetworkBe extra cautious if you’re under 25. With brains still developing, err on the side of less—and seek healthier sleep/anxiety strategies first (breathwork, morning light exposure, resistance training, omega-3-rich meals, magnesium glycinate as appropriate). National Institute on Drug AbuseFlag red-flags for psychosis risk. Family history of psychosis, early heavy use, and high-potency THC raise risk signals. Seek professional guidance; products with lower THC and/or higher CBD may reduce some risks, but this is not a guarantee. PMC Cycle breaks intentionally. If you’re a regular user, plan tolerance breaks and monitor cognition (focus, memory, task follow-through) during and after a 2–4 week pause. JAMA NetworkFor Women: Any Sex-Specific Data?In this dataset, the working-memory association didn’t differ by sex, although there was a sex interaction on a motor task (recent THC linked with lower activation in men, not women—one dataset, not definitive). We need female-focused studies on dose, hormones, and cycle phase to tailor guidance better. JAMA NetworkThe Bottom LineThe strongest, most conservative signal from the new large study is that heavy, long-term cannabis use is associated with dampened brain activation during working memory, centered in prefrontal and insula circuits. That’s the exact network you need for day-to-day mental performance. JAMA NetworkRecent use can also blunt performance—sometimes for weeks after stopping—so timing matters for safety and productivity. JAMA NetworkNot all cannabis exposure is equal: dose, frequency, age, THC potency, and product type likely determine risk. Some medical-use cohorts don’t show the same neural changes, underscoring the need for personalized, cautious approaches. PMC Sources & Further ReadingPrimary study (Feb 2025): JAMA Network Open—Brain Function Outcomes of Recent and Lifetime Cannabis Use (Human Connectome Project analysis). JAMA NetworkCU Anschutz news release (summary with percentages). CU Anschutz NewsJAMA Psychiatry (June 2025): Convergence of Cannabis and Psychosis on the Dopamine System (midbrain dopamine signal changes in cannabis use disorder). PMC NIH/NIDA (Dec 2024): Brain structure differences tied to early substance use risk in adolescents (pre-existing vulnerabilities). National Institute on Drug Abuse Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease (2016): SPECT perfusion work noting reduced hippocampal blood flow in cannabis users (context for Amen’s earlier findings). Journal of Alzheimer's Disease JAMA Network Open (2024): Year-long medical cannabis use cohort—no significant changes in working memory/reward/inhibitory control activation (dose/formulation/age matter). PMC

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