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8 Minutes Read

Allulose and Its Top Benefits

Science & Sweetness — a glowing harmony of test tubes and tender leaves, where Allulose bridges lab innovation and nature’s wisdom

What is Allulose?

Allulose is a "rare sugar" found naturally in small amounts in foods like figs, raisins, and jackfruit. It's technically a monosaccharide (like glucose and fructose), but your body doesn't metabolize it the same way—it passes through your system without a blood sugar spike and with minimal calories (~0.2–0.4 kcal/g vs. sugar’s 4 kcal/g).


✅ Top Benefits of Allulose Over Other Sweeteners

1. Doesn’t Spike Blood Sugar or Insulin

  • Unlike sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, honey, or maple syrup—allulose has no glycemic impact, making it ideal for:

    • Diabetics or pre-diabetics

    • Low-carb / keto lifestyles

    • People managing insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome

2. Low-Calorie, Natural Taste

  • It tastes like sugar without the bitterness of stevia or the cooling effect of erythritol.

  • No aftertaste = great for baking, beverages, and more.

3. May Help Reduce Visceral Fat

  • Early research (mostly animal studies and some small human trials) suggests allulose may reduce abdominal fat and improve metabolic markers—rare among sweeteners.

4. Safe for Teeth

  • Unlike sugar and HFCS, allulose doesn’t contribute to tooth decay or feed harmful oral bacteria.

5. No Gastrointestinal Distress (in moderate amounts)

  • Compared to sugar alcohols like erythritol or xylitol—which often cause bloating or gas—allulose is well-tolerated in moderate portions (usually up to 15g per serving for most people).

6. How Allulose Interacts with the Gut Microbiome

✅ Minimal Fermentation = Minimal Disruption

Allulose is not significantly fermented by gut bacteria. That means:

  • It doesn’t feed harmful bacteria or yeast like sugar or high-fructose corn syrup might.

  • It doesn’t typically cause gas, bloating, or diarrhea, unlike sugar alcohols like erythritol or xylitol, which are fermented and produce gas.

  • It passes through the digestive tract mostly intact, absorbed in the small intestine and excreted in urine—so it doesn’t linger in the colon.

🔬 What Research Shows:

  • A 2020 study showed no significant impact on gut microbial diversity in humans after several weeks of consuming allulose.

Some early rodent studies suggest it might even help support a healthier gut microbiome, potentially increasing beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila—a microbe associated with metabolic health and leanness.


⚖️ Allulose vs. Other Sweeteners – Quick Comparison

Sweetener

Calories

Blood Sugar Impact

Gut Friendly?

Aftertaste?

Natural?

Allulose

~0.4

❌ No

✅ Yes

❌ No

✅ Yes

Sugar

4

✅ Yes

✅ Yes

❌ No

✅ Yes

High Fructose Corn Syrup

4

✅ Yes

✅ Yes

❌ No

❌ No

Stevia

0

❌ No

✅ Yes (in pure form)

⚠️ Yes

✅ Yes

Monk Fruit

0

❌ No

✅ Yes

⚠️ Slight

✅ Yes

Honey

~3

✅ Yes

✅ Yes

❌ No

✅ Yes

Maple Syrup

~3

✅ Yes

✅ Yes

❌ No

✅ Yes

Erythritol

~0.2

❌ No

⚠️ Sometimes

✅ Yes

❌ No

Aspartame, Sucralose, etc.

0

❌ No

⚠️ Controversial

✅ No

❌ No



🌿 Unique Edge of Allulose

Most sweeteners are either natural but still spike blood sugar (like honey or maple syrup) or don’t spike blood sugar but come with taste/gut trade-offs (like stevia or sugar alcohols). Allulose delivers:

  • A clean sugar-like taste

  • No metabolic downsides

  • No artificial origins

  • And emerging health benefits, not just neutrality.



🧠 Bottom Line

Allulose is a top-tier sweetener for people wanting the taste and function of sugar—without the metabolic chaos. Whether you're keto, diabetic, or just avoiding sugar for longevity or hormone balance, allulose is a science-backed sweetener that actually supports your health goals instead of just replacing sugar.

🧁 BAKING WITH ALLULOSE: Tips, Tricks & Sweet Blends for Gut-Friendly Treats

Allulose is a dream for clean baking—no sugar crashes, no blood sugar spikes, and it's gentle on your gut. But like any ingredient, there are quirks and best practices, especially when you're aiming for that bakery-style magic.


👩‍🍳 Why Use Allulose in Baking?

  • Tastes like sugar with no weird aftertaste

  • Browns and caramelizes beautifully (unlike stevia or erythritol)

  • Moisture-retaining – keeps baked goods soft and chewy

  • Doesn’t recrystallize – ideal for sauces, glazes, and syrups


🔥 Baking Tips with Allulose

1. Lower the Oven Temp

Allulose browns faster than sugar, so reduce your oven temp by 25°F (about 15°C) to avoid over-browning or burning.

✅ Pro Tip: If you’re baking at 350°F with sugar, use 325°F with allulose.


2. Slightly Increase Dry Ingredients

Allulose retains more moisture, which can make your baked goods a bit soft or gooey (not always a bad thing!). To fix that:

  • Add 1–2 extra tablespoons of coconut or almond flour.

  • Or try an extra egg white or a touch of psyllium husk for structure.


3. Allulose Is 70% as Sweet as Sugar

If you're using it solo, you might need to increase the amount slightly:

  • For 1 cup of sugar → use about 1⅓ cup allulose

Or better yet...


💡 SWEETENER BLENDING 101:

Allulose + Monk Fruit = 🔥 Balanced, Gut-Friendly Sweetness

Why blend?

  • Monk fruit is super sweet (150–200x sugar), but has a “hollow” sweetness alone.

  • Allulose adds body, browning, and flavor to monk fruit’s clean sweetness.

🧪 Best Ratios for Blends:

Goal

Ratio (Allulose : Monk Fruit)

General Baking

4:1 or 3:1

Frosting/Glazes

2:1

No-Bake Treats

3:1 or even 1:1 if you like it sweeter

Drinks or Smoothies

1:1 (adjust to taste)

🛒 Tip: You can buy them pre-blended (check the label!), or mix your own from pure monk fruit extract and granulated allulose.


Here are five clean, cozy, and gut-loving keto bakes featuring allulose + monk fruit—perfect for hormone balance, metabolic health, and serious flavor.

🍪 Baked Good Ideas to Try:

  • Chewy Chocolate Chip Cookies (allulose keeps them soft!)

  • Keto Banana Bread (add chopped walnuts + cinnamon)

  • Glazed Lemon Loaf (use a monk fruit/allulose glaze)

  • Pumpkin Muffins (gut-friendly, no crash)

  • Chocolate Avocado Brownies (fudgy magic)



🍪 Soft & Chewy Chocolate Chip Cookies (Allulose + Monk Fruit)

✅ Grain-free | Keto | Gut-friendly

📝 Ingredients:

  • 2 cups almond flour

  • ¼ cup coconut flour

  • ½ tsp baking soda

  • ¼ tsp sea salt

  • ½ cup butter or ghee (softened, not melted)

  • ½ cup allulose

  • 2 tsp monk fruit extract (or ¼ tsp pure monk fruit powder)

  • 1 egg

  • 1 tsp vanilla extract

  • ½ cup sugar-free dark chocolate chips (like Lily’s)

🔪 Instructions:

  1. Preheat oven to 325°F (lower than usual to prevent over-browning). Line a baking sheet with parchment.

  2. In a bowl, whisk together almond flour, coconut flour, baking soda, and salt.

  3. In another bowl, beat the butter, allulose, and monk fruit until creamy.

  4. Add the egg and vanilla to the wet mixture and mix well.

  5. Slowly fold in the dry ingredients until a dough forms.

  6. Stir in the chocolate chips.

  7. Scoop into 1.5-inch balls and place on the sheet. Flatten slightly.

  8. Bake for 10–12 minutes—they’ll look soft but firm up as they cool.

  9. Let cool 10–15 minutes before touching. Store in an airtight container for up to 5 days.

💡 Optional: Add 1 tbsp collagen peptides or ground flax for gut support.



🍌 Keto Banana Bread with Walnuts & Cinnamon

✅ Grain-free | Low-sugar | Hormone + Gut-friendly

📝 Ingredients:

  • 1½ cups almond flour

  • ¼ cup coconut flour

  • ½ cup allulose

  • 1–2 tsp monk fruit extract (or ¼ tsp pure monk fruit powder)

  • 1 tsp baking soda

  • ½ tsp sea salt

  • 2 tsp ground cinnamon

  • ½ tsp nutmeg

  • 3 eggs

  • ½ cup mashed green-tipped banana (~1 medium, slightly underripe = less sugar)

  • ¼ cup coconut oil or ghee, melted

  • 1 tsp vanilla extract

  • ½ cup chopped walnuts

  • Optional: 1 scoop collagen peptides for bonus protein

🔪 Instructions:

  1. Preheat oven to 325°F. Grease or line a loaf pan with parchment.

  2. In one bowl, whisk flours, baking soda, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg.

  3. In another, beat eggs, allulose, monk fruit, mashed banana, vanilla, and melted oil.

  4. Combine wet and dry ingredients until smooth.

  5. Fold in walnuts.

  6. Pour into pan and smooth top.

  7. Bake 45–50 minutes or until toothpick comes out clean.

  8. Cool in pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to rack.

💡 Great slathered with almond butter or grass-fed ghee.


🍋 Lemon Loaf with Glaze (Allulose + Monk Fruit)

✅ Low-carb | Anti-inflammatory | Prebiotic-friendly

📝 Loaf Ingredients:

  • 1¾ cup almond flour

  • ¼ cup coconut flour

  • 1 tsp baking powder

  • ¼ tsp baking soda

  • ½ tsp sea salt

  • 4 eggs

  • ⅓ cup melted coconut oil or butter

  • ⅓ cup allulose

  • 2 tsp monk fruit extract

  • ¼ cup unsweetened almond milk

  • Zest of 1 lemon

  • 3 tbsp lemon juice

  • 1 tsp vanilla extract

📝 Glaze Ingredients:

  • ¼ cup powdered allulose (or grind granulated in a blender)

  • 1–2 tsp lemon juice

  • ½ tsp vanilla

  • 1 tsp almond milk (as needed for texture)

🔪 Instructions:

  1. Preheat oven to 325°F. Grease a loaf pan or line with parchment.

  2. Mix all dry ingredients in a bowl: almond flour, coconut flour, baking powder, soda, salt.

  3. In a separate bowl, whisk eggs, coconut oil, allulose, monk fruit, almond milk, lemon zest, lemon juice, and vanilla.

  4. Combine wet and dry ingredients until smooth.

  5. Pour into loaf pan and smooth the top.

  6. Bake 40–45 minutes, until golden and a toothpick comes out clean.

  7. Let cool before glazing.

For the Glaze:

  1. Whisk all ingredients until smooth and pourable.

  2. Drizzle over the cooled loaf. Let it set 10 minutes before slicing.

💡 Add a tablespoon of chia seeds or prebiotic fiber to the batter for extra gut health benefits.



🎃 Keto Pumpkin Muffins (No Crash, Gut-Friendly)

✅ Anti-inflammatory | Fall favorite | Dairy-free option

📝 Ingredients:

  • 1 cup almond flour

  • ¼ cup coconut flour

  • 1 tsp baking powder

  • ½ tsp baking soda

  • 1½ tsp cinnamon

  • ½ tsp ginger

  • ¼ tsp cloves or nutmeg

  • ¼ tsp sea salt

  • 3 eggs

  • 1 cup canned pumpkin (pure pumpkin, not pie mix)

  • ½ cup allulose

  • 1–2 tsp monk fruit extract

  • ¼ cup coconut oil or avocado oil

  • 1 tsp vanilla

  • Optional: 1 tbsp chia or ground flax for gut fiber

  • Optional: ¼ cup chopped pecans or sugar-free dark chocolate chips

🔪 Instructions:

  1. Preheat oven to 325°F. Line muffin tin with liners.

  2. Whisk all dry ingredients in one bowl.

  3. In another bowl, mix eggs, pumpkin, sweeteners, oil, and vanilla.

  4. Combine wet and dry, don’t overmix.

  5. Fold in extras if using (nuts/chips).

  6. Spoon into muffin cups.

  7. Bake 22–25 minutes or until firm and golden.

  8. Let cool before devouring.

🧠 Add inulin or psyllium husk for an extra prebiotic punch.


🍫 Fudgy Chocolate Avocado Brownies

✅ Dense, rich, hormone-loving fats | Gut-safe

📝 Ingredients:

  • 1 ripe avocado (mashed smooth)

  • 2 eggs

  • ⅓ cup coconut oil or butter (melted)

  • ½ cup allulose

  • 1 tsp monk fruit extract

  • ½ cup almond flour

  • ⅓ cup unsweetened cocoa powder

  • 1 tsp vanilla extract

  • ½ tsp baking soda

  • Pinch of sea salt

  • Optional: ¼ cup sugar-free dark chocolate chunks or walnuts

🔪 Instructions:

  1. Preheat oven to 325°F. Grease or line an 8x8 baking dish.

  2. In a food processor or bowl, mix avocado, eggs, oil, allulose, monk fruit, and vanilla until smooth.

  3. Add almond flour, cocoa, baking soda, and salt. Mix until thick batter forms.

  4. Fold in chocolate or nuts if using.

  5. Spread into pan and smooth the top.

  6. Bake 22–25 minutes for fudgy texture (don’t overbake!).

  7. Cool completely before slicing for best texture.

💡 Even better chilled overnight! Boost with collagen or mushroom powder for functional flare.

🧠 Bonus: Prebiotic Boost

You can sneak in extra gut support by adding:

  • A tablespoon of chia seeds or ground flax

  • A bit of acacia fiber or inulin (start slow to avoid bloating)

  • Or a scoop of collagen peptides for bonus protein


⚠️ A Few Caveats

  • Still relatively new on the market, so long-term studies are ongoing.

  • Can be more expensive than other sweeteners.

  • In very high doses, may cause mild digestive discomfort (similar to eating too much fruit).



🧁 The Takeaway

Allulose is the MVP of metabolic-friendly baking—and when paired with monk fruit or other clean sweeteners, you get that perfect sweetness, structure, and satisfaction without sacrificing your gut or blood sugar.

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10.29.2025

Salt, Sodium, and Blood Pressure: Why the Real Story Is More About Insulin and Metabolic Health

From Villain to Vital NutrientFor decades, sodium was portrayed as a dietary villain blamed for high blood pressure and heart disease. Public health campaigns urged us to avoid salt. Yet modern science reveals a more nuanced truth. Sodium is essential—vital for fluid balance, muscle contraction, and nerve signaling. Too little is as dangerous as too much. Meanwhile, emerging evidence reveals that the real driver of hypertension isn’t sodium alone—it’s insulin resistance, poor potassium intake, and metabolic dysfunction.The Origins of the “Salt = Hypertension” MythThe notion of “salt causes hypertension” traces back to animal studies by Dahl in the 1970s, where high sodium raised blood pressure in salt-sensitive rats. Human data followed, leading to generalized anti-sodium recommendations.Salt sensitivity actually applies to a subset of people—estimated at 25–50%; many individuals exhibit minimal blood pressure changes regardless of sodium intake (salt-resistant) .Large observational studies like PURE (Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology) found a J-shaped curve: very high sodium was harmful, but so was very low sodium intake. Cardiovascular risk was lowest in moderate intake ranges .Individual variability matters—kidney function, age, insulin resistance, and genetics significantly modify how sodium affects you.So, the blanket statement “salt causes hypertension” is outdated and overly simplistic.Insulin Resistance: The Hidden Driver of Sodium RetentionInsulin controls how your kidneys handle sodium. In hyperinsulinemia states, the kidneys retain more sodium, increasing blood volume and pressure .Additionally, insulin may activate the sympathetic nervous system, tightening blood vessels and further raising blood pressure .This implies many with hypertension are “insulin-sensitive” rather than “salt-sensitive.” Addressing insulin sensitivity—with diet, movement, sleep, and stress reduction—can impact blood pressure independently of sodium intake.Sodium + Potassium: The Balancing ActPotassium counters sodium. It helps the kidneys excrete excess sodium and relaxes blood vessels. Diets low in potassium, which are common in the Western diet, worsen sodium’s effects on blood pressure .Traditional diets rich in fruits, vegetables, beans, and tubers naturally provide this balance.The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) lowers blood pressure in part by emphasizing potassium-rich foods—even without extreme sodium restriction.How Much Sodium Do We Really Need?General Guidelines (Non-Training Days)The AHA recommends up to 2,300 mg/day (≈1 tsp salt), aiming toward 1,500 mg/day for those with hypertension .The PURE study suggests lowest cardiovascular risk with 3,000–5,000 mg/day, depending on potassium and metabolic health .Training Days / AthletesSweat can lose 500–2,000 mg sodium per liter. Endurance athletes, especially in heat, may need 3,500–5,500 mg/day or more.Guidance:90 min intense/hot: ~500–1,000 mg sodium/hour.Signs You’re Getting It WrongToo little sodium (relative to need):Dizziness, headaches, muscle crampsBrain fog, fatigue, nauseaFrequent urination with very clear urineIn extreme cases: hyponatremia—an emergencyToo much sodium (chronically):Elevated blood pressure in salt-sensitive individualsBloating, swelling (hands, ankles)Constant thirstThe Type of Salt Matters (But Not As Much As You Think)Your body cares about sodium, not crystal color—but the form of salt has context:Iodized table salt: Adds iodine (essential for thyroid health).Sea salt / Himalayan pink salt: Trace minerals present but negligible nutrition-wise; sodium per gram nearly identical to table salt.Kosher salt: Larger crystals, great for cooking; often lacks iodine.Electrolyte salts: Blend sodium with potassium and magnesium—useful for athletes and hot training days.Specialty salts may taste or look different, but they don’t alter sodium’s effect on blood pressure or physiology.Smarter Sodium StrategiesSalt whole foods—not processed ones. 70–80% of dietary sodium comes from packaged and restaurant foods, not your shaker.Boost potassium. Incorporate avocado, beans, leafy greens, yogurt, and squash.Control insulin. Prioritize exercise, protein-forward whole foods, sleep, and stress management for better sodium handling.Use the right salt for your iodine needs. If seafood isn’t in your diet, iodized salt is important.Personalize intake. 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Reversing SIBO—A Functional Medicine BlueprintRoot-Cause HealingThe functional medicine approach looks beyond symptoms to heal underlying causes:Evaluate triggers like digestive motility issues, immune dysfunction, enzyme insufficiency, dysbiosis, or structural dysfunctions functional-medicine.associates+7PubMed+7thechi.ca+7stevegranthealth.com+1.Treating the underlying cause—not just the symptoms—is essential for long-term resolution PMCPubMed.Clinical & Therapeutic StrategiesEradicate OvergrowthAntibiotics: Rifaximin is often preferred; neomycin may be used for methane-predominant cases PMC+1.Herbal antimicrobials: Emerging evidence indicates they can be as effective as rifaximin The Institute for Functional Medicine+1.Dietary InterventionsLow-FODMAP diet can reduce fermentation and symptoms—but isn’t meant for long-term use due to potential negative effects on gut microbiome diversity WikipediaVerywell Health.Elemental diet (a pre-digested liquid formula) can starve bacteria while nourishing the body—shown to normalize breath tests in up to ~85% of cases over 14–21 days Wikipedia.Supportive TherapiesProkinetics to restore MMC function and prevent recurrence Wikipedia+1.Targeted supplementation for underlying deficiencies (like B12, iron, or fat-soluble vitamins) Health+1.Probiotics: Can be effective when timed appropriately—e.g., Lactobacillus strains post-antibiotic therapy PMC+3Wikipedia+3Health+3.Functional Medicine Clinical ModelIdentify the root cause (motility, acid/enzyme function, immune, structural).Eradicate the microbial overgrowth using herbal or pharmaceutical interventions.Rebuild and rebalance gut health with nutrition, prokinetics, nutrients, and microbiome support.Monitor and prevent recurrence with periodic re-evaluation and maintenance strategies Wikipedia+10NCBI+10Rupa Health+10PMC+4PubMed+4EatingWell+4.4. 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10.15.2025

Cannabis & Your Brain: What the New Landmark Study Really Shows Published evidence (Feb 2025) has a lot of people talking: a large, carefully analyzed brain-imaging study reports that heavy cannabis use is linked with reduced brain activation during w

Published evidence (Feb 2025) has a lot of people talking: a large, carefully analyzed brain-imaging study reports that heavy cannabis use is linked with reduced brain activation during working-memory tasks—the kind of mental work you rely on to hold instructions in mind, follow a conversation, do mental math, or safely navigate a busy road. JAMA NetworkBelow, I’ll break down what the study did, what it found (and didn’t), what it may mean for women and young adults, and smart, practical takeaways you can use today.Key Takeaways (in plain English)In 1,003 young adults (ages 22–36), people who had used cannabis more than 1,000 times in their life (the study’s “heavy use” group) showed lower activation in key brain regions while doing working-memory tasks—even after excluding those who had recently used. JAMA NetworkMedia and university summaries note that about 63% of heavy lifetime users and about 68% of recent users showed reduced brain activity on the working-memory task. 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The research analyzed 1,003 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, using standardized fMRI tasks across seven cognitive domains (working memory, language, reward, motor, emotion, relational reasoning, theory of mind). It measured both lifetime exposure and recent use (via urine toxicology the day of scanning). Analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, income, alcohol, and nicotine. JAMA NetworkClear exposure groups. Participants were classified as heavy (>1,000 lifetime uses), moderate (10–999 uses), and non-users (1,000 uses” is self-reported; still, urine toxicology confirmed recent exposure status. JAMA NetworkAge window: Results in 22–36-year-olds may not generalize to older adults or teens. JAMA NetworkTask specificity: Working memory effects were strongest; other tasks didn’t meet strict thresholds after correction. JAMA NetworkPractical Guidance If You (or Your Teens) Use CannabisThis section is informational and not medical advice.Protect your working memory window. If you must perform cognitively demanding tasks (exams, major presentations, meticulous driving/navigation, high-risk jobs), abstain well in advance—think weeks, not days, especially if you’re a frequent user. JAMA NetworkWatch frequency & potency. The “heavy” pattern (>1,000 lifetime uses) is where the strongest association showed up. Higher-THC products likely increase risk; titrate down or take structured breaks if you choose to use. JAMA NetworkBe extra cautious if you’re under 25. With brains still developing, err on the side of less—and seek healthier sleep/anxiety strategies first (breathwork, morning light exposure, resistance training, omega-3-rich meals, magnesium glycinate as appropriate). National Institute on Drug AbuseFlag red-flags for psychosis risk. Family history of psychosis, early heavy use, and high-potency THC raise risk signals. Seek professional guidance; products with lower THC and/or higher CBD may reduce some risks, but this is not a guarantee. PMC Cycle breaks intentionally. If you’re a regular user, plan tolerance breaks and monitor cognition (focus, memory, task follow-through) during and after a 2–4 week pause. JAMA NetworkFor Women: Any Sex-Specific Data?In this dataset, the working-memory association didn’t differ by sex, although there was a sex interaction on a motor task (recent THC linked with lower activation in men, not women—one dataset, not definitive). We need female-focused studies on dose, hormones, and cycle phase to tailor guidance better. JAMA NetworkThe Bottom LineThe strongest, most conservative signal from the new large study is that heavy, long-term cannabis use is associated with dampened brain activation during working memory, centered in prefrontal and insula circuits. That’s the exact network you need for day-to-day mental performance. JAMA NetworkRecent use can also blunt performance—sometimes for weeks after stopping—so timing matters for safety and productivity. JAMA NetworkNot all cannabis exposure is equal: dose, frequency, age, THC potency, and product type likely determine risk. Some medical-use cohorts don’t show the same neural changes, underscoring the need for personalized, cautious approaches. PMC Sources & Further ReadingPrimary study (Feb 2025): JAMA Network Open—Brain Function Outcomes of Recent and Lifetime Cannabis Use (Human Connectome Project analysis). JAMA NetworkCU Anschutz news release (summary with percentages). CU Anschutz NewsJAMA Psychiatry (June 2025): Convergence of Cannabis and Psychosis on the Dopamine System (midbrain dopamine signal changes in cannabis use disorder). PMC NIH/NIDA (Dec 2024): Brain structure differences tied to early substance use risk in adolescents (pre-existing vulnerabilities). National Institute on Drug Abuse Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease (2016): SPECT perfusion work noting reduced hippocampal blood flow in cannabis users (context for Amen’s earlier findings). Journal of Alzheimer's Disease JAMA Network Open (2024): Year-long medical cannabis use cohort—no significant changes in working memory/reward/inhibitory control activation (dose/formulation/age matter). PMC

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